Effect of CoFe2O4 mole percentage in the scaling behaviour of dynamic hysteresis loop in eco-friendly (1-x)(0.94Na0.5Bi0·5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)–x(CoFe2O4) particulate composite

Many technological applications of ferroelectric materials are fundamentally connected to domain reversal under the electric field. Here the polarization reversible mechanism has been studied in (1-x)(0.94Na0·5Bi0·5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)–x(CoFe2O4) (NBBT-CFO) (x = 0, 15, 25 and 35 mol%) particulate composites through the electric field and frequency-dependent scaling behavior of their hysteresis loop. Along with this, the role of the CFO on the polarization reversal processes of NBBT has been investigated systematically. Three-stage behaviour has been observed in the polarization reversal for all the systems. The observed scaling parameter β value for the composites is found to be less than parent NBBT, which has been discussed based on the pinning effect that arises due to the CFO phase. The induced pinning effect in the composites is due to the high leakage current which is confirmed by the leakage current density (J) measurement. The scaling relation of loop area versus E0 and ƒ for the composites is followed by the power law ∝f−0.265E01.320 in the saturated region. The present findings may be useful in technological applications related to polarization reversal.