HVMM: A Holistic Virtual Machine Management Strategy for Cloud Data Centers.

Cloud computing has emerged as an infrastructure in the era of digital economy and has been widely applied in various fields. Virtual Machine(VM) management is the key mechanism in a Cloud Data Center(CDC). A typical VM management system is responsible for VM allocation and VM reallocation, and it is usually designed to optimize specific objectives, especially for the metrics of energy consumption, resource wastage, communication cost, and Service Level Agreement Violations (SLAV). However, it is greatly challenging to optimize these metrics at the same time, and most existing VM management strategies focus on optimizing part of the above four metrics. In this paper, we propose a Holistic Virtual Machine Management (HVMM) strategy to optimize the energy consumption, resource wastage, communication cost, and SLAV simultaneously. First, we define two parameters, the Compatibility and the Performance-to-Power Ratio (PPR), for VM allocation to optimize energy consumption and resource wastage. Then, we propose a reallocation approach based on spectral clustering that can handle dynamic traffic between VMs without a priori knowledge of the traffic between VMs, and it takes a slight expense of resource wastage and energy consumption to reduce communication cost between VMs and ensures low SLAV risk. To evaluate the performance of HVMM, we compared the proposed strategy with the state-of-the-art strategies in various experiments on real-world traces. Compared with the other strategies, the resource wastage of HVMM is reduced by 62%. Simultaneously, the communication cost is reduced by about 26%, the energy consumption is reduced by about 5%, and SLAV is much lower than that of the others.