Targeted control of soil erosion through selective regulation of Eleocharis yokoscensis using mixed endophytes

Plant root traits play a crucial role in controlling soil erosion and environmental pollution. However, the mechanisms underlying their impact on erosion risks remain unclear due to a lack of effective methods for adjusting root characteristics. In this study, we successfully enhanced the root characteristics and root-soil binding capacity of Eleocharis yokoscensis by employing a combination of soaking and spraying with mixed endophytic bacteria. Experimental results on slopes of 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees demonstrated the efficacy of the mixed endophytes (MIX2.1) treatment in reducing runoff by 23.9607 L/m2 (Quartz Soil), 61.6776 L/m2 (Sandy Soil), and 5.9841 L/m2 (Red Soil), respectively. Additionally, infiltration rates increased by 104% (Quartz Soil), 67% (Black Soil), and 86% (Red Soil), while sediment loads decreased by 86% (Quartz Soil), 70% (Black Soil), and 56% (Black Soil). To predict erosion prevention, we proposed and calibrated a novel method called the Root-Soil Cohesion Ratio (RSCR). Furthermore, weight and correlation analysis revealed intriguing relationships between root characteristics and soil erosion parameters, particularly on steeper slopes where some relationships were reversed. Specifically, the presence of endophytes increased root complexity, but the uncontrolled direction of fibrous roots disrupted rainwater descent channels, impeding infiltration. Conversely, the orientation of lateral roots in the soil positively influenced water infiltration. Moreover, smaller particle gaps in the soil hindered rainwater infiltration to a lesser extent under high slope conditions. In conclusion, selectively modulating plant root traits and regulating specific soil erosion parameters in conjunction with slope factors are vital for effective erosion control. The findings of this study offer valuable engineering implications for utilizing plants in erosionprone areas to enhance land stability and contribute to erosion restoration efforts.