Multi-analytical characterization and provenance assessment on the mortars of Satrianum (Italy)

This work focuses on a multi-analytical characterization of mortars used for the construction of the fortified medieval settlement of Satrianum, Italy. This area is very relevant for its strategic position as it represents mainland link routes between the Ionian, the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian seas. The area has yielded traces of anthropic frequentation since the second millennium BC and, from the 8th century BC, the first small settlements were established. Mineralogical analysis, showed that the mineralogical composition of the mortars is dominated by calcite, dolomite and quartz with lower abundances of muscovite. The most abundant major oxides are CaO, MgO, with lower amounts of SiO2. Considering the trace elements, particular attention was paid to the group of the rare earth elements (REEs), whose abundances and distribution patterns, can provide information on the provenance of the material. The rare earth elements patterns of Satrianum mortars showed very similar REEs distribution patterns to Southern Apennines carbonate lithologies.