Recent Advances in Metal-organic Framework Derived Hollow Superstructures:Synthesis and Applications

Rational design of metal-organic framework (MOF) derived functional materials with elaborate structures is of great significance for diverse applications. Assembly of simple MOF derivatives as building blocks into hollow superstructures (HSSs) represents a promising strategy for creating higher-order structures with improved performance. Even many excellent reviews on MOF derivatives have been reported, a dedicated review from the angle of synthesis and applications of HSSs is still lacking. Here we provide a timely and systematic review on the recent advances of MOF derived HSSs. Firstly, five types of MOF derived HSSs are classified according to their architectural features. Then, the synthesis strategies for creating HSSs from MOF derivatives are summarized, with an emphasis on how to design MOF precursors and select conversion conditions. Afterwards, the promising applications of MOF derived HSSs in energy and catalysis related fields are highlighted. Finally, our perspectives on challenges and future opportunities in MOF-derived HSSs are presented, aiming to provide guidance for the design of advanced MOF derivatives with intricate structures and enhanced properties.