The role of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in dam engineering: Narrative review and outlook

This narrative review paper explores the diverse applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of dam engineering. Authored by research engineers specializing in civil engineering and data science, and reviewed by experienced dam engineers and AI experts, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject. The paper is structured into three parts. Part 1 offers a concise introduction to AI, covering its historical background, major categories, and current state of development. In Part 2, the focus shifts to the specific applications of AI in hydropower and dam engineering. This section delves into the utilization of AI for predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, optimization, and planning and design. Notable case studies and examples of machine learning techniques applied to predictive models and numerical simulations in the context of dams and levees are also discussed. Part 3 explores the current and emerging technologies being implemented in the industry, including automated decision-making systems and the use of AI-powered drones for efficient dam inspection. Additionally, the section sheds light on the challenges that must be addressed to fully integrate AI into dam engineering practices. This paper targets dam engineers, AI experts, and individuals interested in the intersection of these fields. Its primary contribution lies in providing a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the applications, challenges, and potential future developments of AI in dam engineering. Over 3300 articles on the intersection of dam engineering and AI were identified, and approximately 550 articles (about 17%) were further processed for inclusion in this study. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for robust data management, algorithmic transparency, and ethical considerations in the implementation of AI systems.