Syringic acid (SA) inhibits the IL-1 ss-induced inflammation in mice chondrocytes and ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis via the PTEN/AKT/NF-kappa B pathway

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and costly disease characterized by cartilaginous degradation and inflammation in the joints. Syringic acid (SA), which is extracted from Morus nigra and Daphne gnidioides, possesses several health benefits, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Previous research has demonstrated that SA can restrain immunocyte activation and downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Nevertheless, its role in the treatment of OA has not been elucidated to date. In vitro experiments, the inflammatory response in chondrocytes was realized by stimulation with IL-1 ss. The outcome indicated that SA suppressed the secretion of NO, iNOS, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and PGE2. Moreover, SA reduced the massive IL-1 ss-induced phosphorylation of the PTEN/AKT/NF-kB pathway. Furthermore, SA alleviated the degeneration of cartilage in the OA mice model in vivo. This study also illustrates that SA relieved the inflammation and cartilaginous degradation in OA, which suggests that SA might be an underlying candidate to be exploited for the treatment of OA.