Neuroprotective Potential of Trachyspermum Ammi Essential Oil against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Excitotoxicity by Reducing Accumulation of & beta;-Amyloid

Background: Present investigation evaluates the neuroprotective effect of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil (TAEO) against monosodium glutamate induced excitotoxicity. Methods: Glutamate excitotoxicity was induced in rats by administrating monosodium glutamate [MSG; 2 g/kg body weight, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] for seven days and further animals were grouped into the following groups along with respective treatments: Group 1: Normal healthy control animals without any treatment; Group 2: MSG-2 g/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)+vehicle treated disease control animals; Group 3: MSG-2 g/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)+TAEO 250 mg/kg orally; Group 4: MSG-2 g/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)+500 mg/kg; Group 5: MSG-2 g/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)+D-cycloserine 10 mg/kg, i.p. Effect of TAEO was estimated on motor and cognitive function, oxidative stress parameters and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain tissue of excitotoxicity rat model. Moreover ss-Amyloid deposition on the brain tissue was estimated using Congo Red staining. Results: There was significant improvement in motor and cognitive function in TAEO group in comparison with the negative control group, which was observed to be reversed in TAEO+N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) treated agonist. Treatment with TAEO ameliorates the altered parameters of oxidative stress and activity of AChE in the brain tissue of excitotoxicity rats. ss Amyloid deposition was observed to be reduced in TAEO treated group as compared with negative control group. However, this effect of TAEO was reversed in the brain tissue of TAEO+NMDA agonist treated group. Conclusions: Hence, the data of the present study suggested that the TAEO treatment improves the motor and cognitive function in MSG-induced excitotoxicity in rat model by reducing oxidative stress and formation of ss-Amyloid plaque by targeting NMDA receptor.