Progress and prospect of studies of Benggang erosion in southern China

Benggangs are a special type of severely eroded landform in southern China. They cause severe damage to soil resources, which has had a large negative impact on local ecological environments and people's lives. Benggang erosion has received abundant attention in the past few decades, but few studies have systematically summarized and analyzed the progress, deficiencies and future directions of research of Benggang erosion. The purpose of this paper is therefore to analyze the progress of research on Benggang erosion, summarize the research deficiencies and propose future research directions and priorities. Benggangs gained attention in the 1960s, and studies of Benggang erosion have achieved rich results, including the characteristics of parental materials, spatial variation of soil properties in Benggang areas, mechanisms of the occurrence and process of Benggang erosion, dynamic monitoring of Benggang erosion, estimation of erosion volume, measures for controlling Benggang erosion and evaluation of their effectiveness. These studies have improved our knowledge and understanding of the basic attributes, occurrence, development, and factors influencing Benggang erosion and have provided a scientific basis for the optimal arrangement of measures for conserving soil and water and the rational development and effective management of Benggangs. We nevertheless believe that deficiencies remain in the aspects of the optimization of monitoring methods, mechanism of composite erosion, control of erosion and evaluation of the effectiveness of controlling Benggang erosion under the current level of development of research on soil erosion and the high standard of ecological protection. Further studies are necessary in the following areas: space-airground integrated technology for optimizing the monitoring of Benggang erosion; mechanism of hydraulicgravitational composite erosion and the construction of models; research, development and application of new material for the prevention and control of Benggang erosion and development of a system for evaluating the effectiveness of erosion control. These research topics can supplement and enrich the content of traditional research on Benggang erosion and are very important for the restoration of ecological environments and improving ecological services and functions in areas with Benggang erosion.