Infant and Young Child Feeding practices up to 23 months in Namuno District, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Background Inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are key determinants of child malnutrition and impact one-third of the under-five mortality rate worldwide. The district of Namuno in Cabo Delgado (Mozambique) has been long registering a high prevalence of acute malnutrition. To date, no data exists about Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices in the area. The current pilot study explores the feeding practices among children aged 0–23 months in Namuno and sets out its main drivers. Methods This cross-sectional study was realized between August and September 2019 and drew on questionnaires for mothers/caregivers of children aged 0 to 23 months. We computed IYCF indicators and correlated them with mothers’/caregivers' school attendance, delivery setting, and distance between home and the place where livelihood activities took place (workplace), using univariate and multivariate (age-adjusted) logistic regression analysis. Results The survey was data derived from a sample of 632 mothers/caregivers. 62% of 0–23-month-old children received colostrum whilst only 31% of 0–5 months babies were on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Among 6–23 months old children, 17% consumed foods and beverages from at least five out of eight defined food groups, 31% received a minimum frequency of meals, and 23% had a minimum acceptable diet. Data revealed a positive correlation between early initiation of breastfeeding and delivery in a maternity ward (OR 6.9, CI 3.2–16.1, p -value < 0.001). No difference in the IYCF indicators between female and male babies was detected. Conclusions In the Namuno district, IYCF practices did not fulfill WHO/UNICEF’s indicators and recommendations. This suggests that efforts should be focused on EBF-enabling interventions to improve children’s dietary consumption patterns.