Progress on the magnetic rotation in the nuclei of <italic>A</italic>~60 and <italic>A</italic>~80 mass regions

Nuclear collective rotation, which involves coherent contributions from many nucleons, has been well known for a long time. It is ascribed as a consequence of deformation and gives rise to regular rotational bands, which are characterized by strong electric quadrupole (E2) transitions. Studies of the rotational bands in nuclei have been in the forefront of nuclear structure physics and have led to many interesting phenomena including the backbending, superdeformed bands, and chiral doublet bands. In 1990s, a new type of rotational-like sequences, which have strong M1 transitions and weak or vanishing E2 transitions, have been discovered in weakly deformed or near-spherical nuclei and attracted a lot of interests. This new type of rotational structure cannot be understood in terms of conventional rotation of deformed nuclei but has been successfully interpreted in terms of the shears mechanism. In this interpretation, nuclear orientation is specified by the current distribution rather than the deformation. The magnetic dipole vector arises from proton particles (holes) and neutron holes (particles) in high-j orbitals, and rotates around the total angular momentum vector. In the subsequent experimental studies, the magnetic rotation phenomenon were found in the A~60, A~80, A~110, A~140, and A~190 mass regions. Here, we report the studies of magnetic rotation in the A~80 and A~60 mass regions. The high-spin structures of⁷⁵As, ⁷⁹Se and ⁶²Cu were respectively populated via ⁷⁰Zn(⁹Be, 1p3n)⁷⁵As, ⁸²Se(α, α3n)⁷⁹Se and ⁵⁴Cr(¹²C, 1p3n)⁶²Cu heavy ion fusion–evaporation reactions. The dipole bands were established for the first time in these three nuclei. The properties of these dipole bands are investigated in terms of the self-consistent tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory. In the calculation for ⁷⁵As, ⁷⁹Se and ⁶²Cu, the valence nucleon configurations of π[(1g_9/2)¹(1f_5/2)⁻²]Äυ[(1g_9/2)⁵(fp)⁻³], π[(1g_9/2)¹(fp)⁵]Äυ[(1g_9/2)⁵] and π[(f_7/2)⁻¹(p_3/2f_5/2)²]Äυ[(g_9/2)¹(p_3/2f_5/2)⁴] are used, respectively. The calculated energy spectra reasonably reproduce the experimental excitation energies of ⁷⁵As, ⁷⁹Se, and ⁶²Cu. The evolutions of deformation parameters β and γ of these dipole bands driven by increasing rotational frequency are discussed. In contrast to the relatively large triaxial deformation of the dipole bands in ⁷⁵As and ⁶²Cu, the dipole band of ⁷⁹Se has a relatively axially symmetric and small prolate deformation. With the increase of rotational frequency, the β deformations for ⁷⁵As, ⁷⁹Se and⁶²Cu behave in a similar way, i.e., a smooth decrease in β. Meanwhile, both γ values of ⁷⁵As and ⁶²Cu show a smoothly increasing tendency. Based on the examination of the composition of the proton and neutron angular momentum vectors J_π and J_υ as well as the total angular momentum J_tot=J_π+J_υ at both the bandhead and the maximum rotational frequency, the dipole bands in ⁷⁵As and ⁷⁹Se can be interpreted as novel stapler bands, where the valence nucleons in (1g_9/2) orbital rather than the collective core are responsible for the closing of the stapler of angular momentum. Although not firmly confirmed in experiments, the dipole structure in ⁶²Cu may be a candidate of magnetic rotational bands. To unambiguously confirm this, further experimental investigations are strongly desirable.