Distress during Bronchoscopy in Patients Who Underwent Endobronchial Intubation Using Fentanyl and Midazolam without Throat Anesthesia: A Prospective Study

Background: The Japanese Society of Respiratory Endoscopy recommends the omission of throat anesthesia using Jackson's spray before bronchoscopy to prevent aerosol generation and the risk of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019. We evaluated patient distress after the omission of throat anesthesia and the use of sedation with fentanyl and midazolam during bronchoscopy.