Networks of nonmonotonic nonlinear oscillators

An alternative theory of Parkinson’s disease with implications for other movement disorders and normal motor control is offered. The theory and its corresponding model is offered as a demonstration project to illustrate many of the concepts of nonlinear dynamics as it might apply to the basal ganglia–thalamic–cortical system. The theory and model are based on network of loosely coupled reentrant nonlinear discrete oscillators. The dynamics are able to entrain multiple oscillations over multiple frequencies. As discrete oscillators, an individual neuron can entrain multiple frequencies giving raise to periodic and aperiodic neuronal spike discharges. The system of multiple oscillators provides from multiplexing into complex signals to approximate the dynamics of the lower motor neuron, in the manner of an inverse Fourier transform. The network of oscillations allows for holographic memory and representation of motor unit orchestrations and skill acquisition. Movement disorders relate to altered self-organization among the network of oscillators.