High tibial osteotomy: The past, present, and future

•We reviewed the outcomes and problems associated with high tibial osteotomy (HTO).•HTO can provide relatively stable mid-to long-term results.•Survival rates vary from report to report, with poor rates at 10–15 years.•Further studies are needed to establish the long-term results.•Combination therapy with HTO may help improve long-term results.