A SPADE Multi-agent Application for Outdoor $$CO_2$$ Monitoring

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a powerful computation environment that interconnects diverse devices to decentralized systems and which can be deployed in numerous domains. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have been identified as a promising paradigm for the development of smart applications, including IoT devices. In this context, this paper introduces an air quality monitoring and prediction application which uses a multi-agent platform called SPADE. SPADE has recently incorporated an extension that allows for the seamless integration of IoT devices into multi-agent systems, called SPADE Artifact, which conforms with the theoretical A&A (Agents and Artifacts) Meta-Model. Furthermore, gas sensing, particularly measuring $$CO_2$$ concentration as an indicator of air quality. Outdoor air quality is a critical factor to consider for ensuring the health and safety of individuals in urban and suburban environments. By utilizing IoT artifacts to integrate gas sensing devices into MAS, it becomes feasible to accurately monitor and manage outdoor air quality, enabling decision-making on measures such as reducing traffic or controlling industrial emissions to improve air quality. This paper highlights the significance of integrating gas-sensing devices in IoT artifacts within MAS for effective monitoring and management of outdoor air quality in the era of IoT.