Fecal microbiota transplantation: modulation of metabolic and inflammatory intestinal diseases

Therapeutic properties of fermented feces for the treatment of common diseases, such as diarrhea, have been exploited for a long time. Recent studies have revealed that the benefit comes from the intestinal microbiota, which acts as a new metabolic and inflammatory modulating organ, showing favorable potential when well-regulated and unfavorable in the presence of dysbiosis. This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic modulation of this flora in endocrine and intestinal inflammatory diseases through transplantation. The study used PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar as databases, without language restrictions, from 1989 onwards due to their historical relevance up to works from 2023. The descriptors used were "fecal microbiota transplantation," "metabolic diseases," "endocrine diseases" and "intestinal inflammatory diseases." It is observed that there is therapeutic benefit in regulating the microbiome of patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, or intestinal inflammatory diseases, although the techniques for improvement are still under study. It is important that new studies be conducted to refine this process, as it shows great promise in modulating the enteroendocrine and inflammatory axes.