Design, development, and validation of a nanobiosensor to detect circulating microbiome for cardiovascular disease risk assessment

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious worldwide health concern that necessitates the development of novel diagnostic techniques for early identification and personalized healthcare management. Even before the insights provided by gut microbiota, current research has demonstrated the importance of circulating microbiome (CMB) in the evolution of cardiometabolic illness risk and progression. We developed a nanobiosensor that uses specific labeled capture probes with perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to detect the targeted 16S rRNA sequences in the peripheral milieu. With ideal applicability, specificity, and sensitivity, this sensor delivers unique insights into the presence and characterization of circulating microbiota signatures. Developing a nanophotonic microbiome detection method in body fluids may pave the way for creating a distinctive tool for CVD risk prediction for population-based screening programs in low and middle-income countries. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement The authors are thankful to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, New Delhi, for providing necessary financial support to the laboratory of Prof. Pradyumna Kumar Mishra. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India gave ethical approval for this work. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors.