An improved band design framework for atmospheric pollutant detection and its application to the design of satellites for CO2 observation

•A band design framework BDF is built for remote sensing detection bands of gaseous atmospheric pollutants.•The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is improved (IFCE) to achieve a quantitative assessment of gaseous atmospheric pollutants absorption windows.•The BDF-IFCE band design method is proposed based on the BDF, the HITRAN database, the IFCE model, the sensitivity analysis and inversion algorithm.•The BDF-IFCE method quickly and accurately provides candidate bands for CO2 remote sensing detection.