Concurrent datasets on land cover and river monitoring in Fukushima decontaminated catchment during 2013–2018

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the Japanese government implemented extensive decontamination work in 137 Cs contaminated catchments for residents’ health and local revitalization. Whether dramatic land use changes in the upstream decontaminated regions affected river suspended sediment (SS) and particulate 137 Cs discharge downstream remain unknown because of the poor quantification on land cover changes and long-term river SS dynamics. We here introduce a 6-year concurrent database of the Niida River Basin, a decontaminated catchment, including the first available vector decontamination maps, satellite images in decontaminated regions with a spatial resolution of 10 m, and long-term river monitoring datasets spanning decontamination (2013–2016) and subsequent natural restoration stages (2017–2018). These datasets allow us, for the first time, to directly link the transport dynamics of river SS (particulate 137 Cs) to land use changes caused by humans in real-time, which provide fundamental data for better understanding the river response of sediment to land use change. Moreover, the data obtained by interdisciplinary methods offer a template for land use change impact assessment in other river basins.