Analysis of the disease burden of cardiomyopathy in children aged 0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2019

Objectives: To assess the disease burden and changing trend of cardiomyopathy in children aged 0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods: This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019; the age-specific prevalence rate, mortality rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were used for analysis. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in burden rate and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. The data of China were compared with the global average level. Results: In 2019, the numbers of prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of cardiomyopathy in children aged 0-14 years in China were 4,493 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 2687 similar to 6,838], 434 (95%UI: 337 similar to 565) and 37,522 (95%UI: 29,321 similar to 48,891), with declining amplitudes of 16.32, 70.56, and 70.74%, compared with 1990, respectively. In 2019, the prevalence rate of cardiomyopathy in Chinese children aged 0-14 years was 2.00/100,000 (95%UI: 1.2/100,000 similar to 3.04/100,000), higher than 1990 [1.66/100,000 (95%UI:1.00/100,000 similar to 2.53/100,000)]; mortality rate was 0.19/100,000 (95%UI: 0.15/100,000 similar to 0.25/100,000), significantly lower than 1990 [0.46/100,000 (95%UI: 0.25/100,000 similar to 0.95/100,000)]; DALY rate was 16.69/100,000 (95%UI: 13.04/100,000 similar to 21.75/100,000), also significantly lower than 1990 [39.71/100,000 (95%UI: 22.06/100,000 similar to 82.8/100,000)]. All burden rates of cardiomyopathy in Chinese children aged 0-14 years old were all lower than the global averages of 2019; the burden rates of male children were higher than female children. In all calendar years from 1990 to 2019, the mortality and DALY rates of children younger than 1-year-old were significantly higher than in the other age groups of 0-14 years old. From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence rate of cardiomyopathy aged 0-14 years old gradually increased, with EAPC of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.71-0.93); mortality rate and DALY rate decreased [EAPC = -2.32 (95%CI: -2.59 to -2.05)]. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of cardiomyopathy in children of China aged 0-14 years was heterogeneous; the burden of male children was higher than females; and the burden of cardiomyopathy in children younger than 1 year old needs more attention.