Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of 14-3-3 epsilon carrying hnRNP C promotes autophagy

Translocation of 14-3-3 protein epsilon (14-3-3e) was found to be involved in Triptolide (Tp)-induced inhibition of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation. However, the form of cell death induced by 14-3-3e translocation and mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. This study employed label-free LC-MS/MS to identify 14-3-3e-associated proteins in CRC cells treated with or without Tp. Our results confirmed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 (hnRNP C) were exported out of the nucleus by 14-3-3e and degraded by ubiquitination. The nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of 14-3-3e carrying hnRNP C mediated Tp-induced proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and autophagic processes. These findings have broad implications for our understanding of 14-3-3e function, provide an explanation for the mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of hnRNP C and provide new insights into the complex regulation of autophagy.