Maternal consumption of caffeine and second-hand tobacco smoke as risk factors for the development of oral clefts.

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)（2023）

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摘要

The results suggest a direct relationship between secondhand smoke, alcohol consumption, and the lack of maternal supplementation with oral clefts.

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关键词

Caffeine,Tobacco,Cleft palate,Cleft lip,Alcohol consumption

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