Resolving neutrophils due to TRAM deletion renders protection against experimental sepsis

Objective Proper inflammation resolution is crucial to prevent runaway inflammation during sepsis and reduce sepsis-related mortality/morbidity. Previous studies suggest that deleting TRAM, a key TLR4 signaling adaptor, can reprogram the first inflammatory responder cell-neutrophil from an inflammatory state to a resolving state. In this study, we aim to examine the therapeutic potential of TRAM-deficient neutrophils in vivo with recipient mice undergoing experimental sepsis. Material and methods Wild-type or Tram −/− mice were intraperitoneally injected with cecal slurry to induce either severe or mild sepsis. Phenotypic examinations of sepsis and neutrophil characteristics were examined in vivo and ex vivo. The propagations of resolution from donor neutrophils to recipient cells such as monocytes, T cells, and endothelial cells were examined through co-culture assays in vitro. The efficacies of Tram −/− neutrophils in reducing inflammation were studied by transfusing either wild-type or Tram −/− neutrophils into septic recipient mice. Results Tram −/− septic mice had improved survival and attenuated injuries within the lung and kidney tissues as compared to wild-type septic mice. Wild-type septic mice transfused with Tram −/− resolving neutrophils exhibited reduced multi-organ damages and improved cellular homeostasis. In vitro co-culture studies revealed that donor Tram −/− neutrophils can effectively propagate cellular homeostasis to co-cultured neighboring monocytes, neutrophils, T cells as well as endothelial cells. Conclusions Neutrophils with TRAM deletion render effective reprogramming into a resolving state beneficial for ameliorating experimental sepsis, with therapeutic potential in propagating cellular and tissue homeostasis as well as treating sepsis.