Atp synthase subunits: structure and role in plants under stress conditions

Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase is a vital enzymatic complex in energy metabolism that provides the cell with ATP. ATP synthase is composed of five complexes carry out which execute electron transport and ATP synthesis, vital processes of cellular oxidative phosphorylation. Complex V also known as the F1 F0 ATP synthase or ATPase is mainly involved in of production of ATP by phosphorylating ADP with electrochemical energy produced by the proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria. Plant reproduction and survival are harmed by abiotic factors such as drought, salinity and high temperature. Previously genes of ATP synthase were to over express in stress conditions in plants. It was discovered that during abiotic stresses, such as high salts, drought, and cold, expression of the AtMtATP6 gene was high in Arabidopsis. In transgenic yeast and Arabidopsis plants, overexpression of the AtMtATP6 gene increased resistance to salts, drought, oxidative and cold stress. Antisense construct of ATP synthase transformed in various palnts exhibited diverse effects including decline in plant growth, impaired flowering as well as reduced plant vigor. Consequently, ATP synthase subunits gene is crucial for plant development and growth by providing cellular energy source to cell.