Laurel Regeneration Management by Smallholders to Generate Agroforestry Systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon Upper Basin: Growth and Yield Models

Laurel (Cordia alliodora Ruiz & Pav. Oken) is a Neotropical native tree that is easily regenerated in the secondary forest within the Amazon region. Amazonian smallholders use this tree regeneration to obtain a homogeneous forest cover when developing local agroforestry systems, which do not depend on nursery seedling production for tree planting. The objective of the present investigation was to develop growth and yield models for Laurel within the local agroforestry systems. A total of 226 sampling plots were measured between 2010-2011 and 2014-2015. Chapman- Richard, Hosslfeld II, and the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) form of the Chapman-Richard's function was used for modeling height-age and diameter-age relationships. Eight volume models were tested to describe total stem volume. The GADA method was suited to describe the Laurel height and diameter-age growth. The cutting cycle for agroforestry systems with a density of 300 trees ha(-1) at the best site index (SI) (22 m) produced 13.9 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1) and a total wood yield of 195.1 m(3) ha(-1) at age 14. In the worst SI (14 m), the average annual yield was 3.5 m(3) ha(-1), with a total yield of 83.3 m(3) ha(-1) at age 24 years. The Spurr potential model was the best fit to describe the volume of the Laurel according to the Akaike information criteria. The Laurel biological (optimal) rotation age suggests that the minimum cutting diameter should be lowered from 30 cm of DBH in the research zone. Management of the natural regeneration of secondary forests by smallholders is a local agroforestry practice that should be given greater attention, especially within protected forest areas.