Opportunities and challenges in the potential food uses of edible Mediterranean halophytes

Considering the problems of soil salinization and freshwater scarcity, halophyte plants are indicated as an interesting alternative to conventional crops because these plants thrive in severe environmental conditions (i.e., high salinity, UV radiation). This review identifies halophyte food and non-food uses, discusses the values and areas for innovation and identifies gaps for further research. In relation to human consumption, several research works provide assessments of halophyte nutritional value and nutraceutical properties (i.e., minerals, fibres, proteins, bioactive compounds and low fat). Despite the promising future for halophyte multiple uses, problems related to cultivation, processing and marketing have still to be tackled. Consumption is mainly linked to local gastronomy, tradition, or gourmet cuisine. Market analysis, taste and sensory assessment of halophyte preparations are in their infancy and represent a promising avenue for further research. Knowledge recovery of halophyte food uses is a key to give impetus to supply chain development.