Efficient controlled quantum broadcast protocol using 6 n -qubit cluster state in noisy channels

This article introduces two controlled quantum broadcast protocols which they utilize 6-qubit and 6 n -qubit (generalized scheme) cluster states as the quantum channel, respectively. The proposed protocols involve Alice broadcasting a defined transition state to the recipients under Charlie's control. Simulations conducted on the IBMQ platform and Qiskit library demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protocols for random input states and various measurement shots. The impact of different types of quantum noises on the protocol are analyzed, and the fidelity metric is employed to evaluate the quality of broadcasted states over a noisy channel. Furthermore, suggestions regarding security risks and the robustness of the proposed protocols under various attack scenarios are presented in this article.