Towards the next generation intelligent transportation system: a vehicle detection and counting framework for undisciplined traffic conditions

Modern development in deep learning and computer vision techniques, intelligent transportation system (ITS) has emerged as a useful tool for building a traffic infrastructure in smart cities. Previously, several computer vision techniques have been proposed for vehicle recognition, which were limited in handling undis-ciplined, dense and laneless traffic conditions. Moreover, these frameworks did not incorporate many of the local vehicle configurations common in South Asian countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. Considering the limitations of previous frameworks, this paper presents efficient vehicle detection and counting model for undisciplined conditions including dense and laneless traffic, occulusion cases and diverse range of local vehicles. A dataset of more than 2400 images of vehicles has been collected comprising of six new categories of local vehicles, and considering undisciplined traffic conditions to ensure robustness in vehicle detection and counting system. Transfer learning based technique has been used, using faster R-CNN model with Inception V2 as underlying architecture. The experimental re-sults show a precision of 86.14% in terms of mAP. The work finds its application in South Asian contexts as more smart cities are formed in this region. The pro-posed framework will enable traffic monitoring with higher reliability, accuracy and granularity, contributing in having next-generation ITS.