In-situ sample tuning in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is one of the key experimental techniques for understanding quantum materials. Recently, the development of in -situ sample manipulations, more specifically the realization of sample tuning using nonthermal parameters such as pressure, doping, and electric field, has enabled APRES to measure the evolution of electronic states in unprecedented dimensions. In this paper, the recent developments in in -situ sample manipulation techniques including alkali-metal deposition, voltage gating, uniaxial pressure tuning, and current tuning are discussed. We revealed how the combination of these techniques with ARPES can help unveil the complex mechanisms of quantum materials.