Status, threats and the conservation of endemic species in the Yarlung Zangbo river basin

The Yarlung Zangbo river extends through the southern area of the Tibet Plateau at the highest elevation of any large river in the world. It supports many unique and endemic species, but global warming, proposed and existing hydro-power developments, and the invasion of non-native species are significant threats to its native aquatic biodiversity. Some endemic species, including fishes (Glyptosternum maculatum, Schizothorax oconnori, Schizothorax macropogon, Schizophygopsis younghusbandi, Ptychobarbus dipogon and Oxygymnocypris stewartii), water birds (Grus nigricollis and Haliaeetus albicilla) and mammals (Lutra lutra), have experienced great ecological and physical challenges. To ensure a sustainable development pathway, some specific conservation measures should be undertaken, including the establishment of natural reserves in sensitive areas, and more research and ecological monitoring. This study is a significant reference and example for managers developing strategies to conserve aquatic biodiversity in large, high -altitude river basins within mountainous settings.