"It worked for my friend": non-medical use of tramadol among manual labourers in Anambra state, Nigeria

PurposeThis study aims to explore the dynamics involved in the non-medical use of tramadol among manual labourers in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approachUsing the phenomenological approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with forty (40) manual labourers (age: 19-36 years). These participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques from two cities in Anambra state, Nigeria, and the data was analysed with thematic analysis. FindingsThe results revealed that most of the participants were introduced to tramadol use by their friends. They used tramadol for pain relief, euphoric feeling, energy for work and sexual performance. Unfortunately, most of them may have gradually become dependent on this drug to function well in life without knowing the possible medical and psychological implications. Research limitations/implicationsThe sample choice may limit the generalization of the findings; however, the study indicates a need to improve working condition, access to healthcare and awareness of the negative effects of non-medical use of tramadol. Originality/valueNon-medical use of tramadol may have started as an attempt to help self in performing the daily routine. This action can jeopardize an individual's mental health and, at the extreme state, hinder performance of daily routine. Friends and the quality of information they provide play a significant role in the onset of this action. The strong point is that many people who are involved in the non-medical use of tramadol are unaware of the possible risks. Improving working conditions and access to healthcare for chronic pain could help reduce these risks.