A Joint Algorithm for Base Station Deactivation and Mobile User Reassignment in Green Cellular Networks

The proliferation of smartphones has led to an increase in the cellular infrastructure, due to efforts by mobile operators to meet the rising demand. Given that the planning of cellular networks is carried out according to demand during peak hours, a large number of base stations must be deployed to maintain a constant number of base stations even when traffic intensity is reduced. This strategy has brought about increased energy levels in cellular networks, affecting the networks' operating expenses and contributing to the problem of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. This work shows an algorithm that deactivates base stations for cellular networks and reassigns mobile users. We use the interruption probability to analyze the effect of base-station-deactivation on mobile users. We perform two approaches: one using a homogeneous network and the other a heterogeneous network. The homogeneous network is a macro-cell deployment, whereas the heterogeneous network comprises macro-cells and femto-cells. A genetic algorithm is used to find the set of base stations to deactivate and continue offering the demand services. As the carrier-to-interference ratio increases, the results show that few base stations need deactivating in a heterogeneous network with high traffic demand.