Utilization of solid wastes to sequestrate carbon dioxide in cement-based materials and methods to improve carbonation degree: A review

The large amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the life span of cement-based materials makes a great contribution to the increasingly severe global warming. Due to their abnormally large annual production, sequestering carbon dioxide using cement-based materials has become one of the most efficient ways for cement industry to reduce net carbon dioxide emissions. Meanwhile, the production and accumulation of solid wastes has been causing widely occupation of the land space and threatening the ecological balance and human health. Considering that most solid wastes are rich in calcium and magnesium, and can be easily used in cement-based materials, the carbonation treatment of solid wastes not only uptakes a large amount of carbon dioxide, but also mitigates the accumulation of excessive solid wastes, which is the core of achieving carbon neutrality in cement industry. In this paper, the carbonation potential and the state-of-art carbonation techniques of various solid wastes are comprehensively reviewed, and a pathway to reach net-zero carbon dioxide emission for cement -based materials is proposed. Then physical, chemical and microbiological methods to enhance the carbon-ation degree of solid wastes are summarized, with both advantages and disadvantages of each method are given. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of the utilization of solid wastes to sequester carbon dioxide in cement-based materials are proposed.