Numerical Investigations of Wind Impacts on Chinese Ancient Architectural Roof Surfaces with Ridges and Semi-Cylindrical Tiles

This study aims to evaluate the impacts of roof ridges and semi-cylindrical tiles on the wind loading on traditional single-eave hip roofs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the semi-cylindrical tiles have been considered in the simulation of ancient Chinese architecture for the first time. Several roof models with various ridges and semi-cylindrical tiles are simulated by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The results reveal that the addition of roof ridges and semi-cylindrical tiles has a considerable structural protection effect, which can significantly reduce the suctions, as well as the turbulence fluctuation, on both the windward and leeward sides: the average of negative mean wind pressure coefficients is reduced by 33% on the leeward surface, and approximately 48% on the windward surface one. When the number of protruding ridges and semi-cylindrical tiles increases (decreasing the diameter of them by 40%), the average of area mean wind pressure coefficient for all the wind directions decreases by about 30% on the windward side and about 50% on the leeward side. The average of maximum spatial wind pressure coefficient decreases by about 25% on the windward side and about 40% on the leeward side.