Strategically Designed Hyperbranched Polyglycerol as an Efficient Integrated Additive for Hydrocarbon Fuels

In this study, palmitoyl and hindered phenolic hyperbranchedpolyglycerol(CBHPG), with hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) as the structural coreand hindered phenol or alkyl chain as the decorated shell, has beenstrategically designed and synthesized as an efficient integratedadditive to enhance the energy efficiency and inhibit the oxidationcoking of hydrocarbon fuels. The superior thermal stability and solubilityof CBHPG were confirmed by thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamiclight scattering. In the presence of CBHPG with high antioxidant activity,the oxidation induction time of n-undecane increasedmore than 2-fold at 170 & DEG;C. In deposition tests, the amphiphilicmacromolecule CBHPG showed excellent performance with 58% oxidationcoking inhibition rate of Chinese Jet Fuel (RP-3). The Jet Fuel ThermalOxidation Stability test at 355 & DEG;C also exhibited that CBHPGcould greatly reduce the deposit of RP-3 by decreasing the depositrating from >4 to <1. In cracking experiments, the additionof0.1 wt % CBHPG with sufficient polymerization could increase the conversionof n-undecane by 17.6%, with the corresponding heatsink by 6.1% at 675 & DEG;C. The above results indicated that CBHPGcould efficiently enhance the performance of hydrocarbon fuels dueto multipurposes in antioxidation, coking inhibition, and crackingpromotion. CBHPG with a strategically designed structure as an integratedadditive shows great promise in improving the energy efficiency andsafety in future advanced aircraft.