Self-Potential as a Tool to Monitor Redox Reactions at an Ore Body: A Sandbox Experiment

Ore bodies generate natural electrical fields that are measurable at the ground surface. The ground surface signature of this electrical field is called a self-potential anomaly. We developed a sandbox experiment to monitor the evolution of a self-potential anomaly associated with redox processes mediated by bacterial activity at the surface of a buried metallic object crossing the water table. A Bio-Electrochemical Cell (BEC) is formed by a metal bar connecting the upper, oxygen-rich, part of the tank and an aquifer containing an electron donor in the form of acetate. The self-potential response was observed during a period of 327 days. The tomography of the self-potential signature confirms that self-potential tomography is able to locate the metallic target acting as a BEC. In addition, we performed redox potential, pH, and electrical potential measurements over a vertical cross-section of the tank at several time steps to obtain an idea of where the redox front is located. The distributions of the redox potential and pH further demonstrated the development of the oxidation-reduction chemical processes facilitated by the BEC as bacterial communities developed around the metallic bar. The electrical potential anomaly shows that the bacterial communities followed a short period of exponential growth, then a longer period of a sustained population. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the self-potential method in monitoring redox processes at the surface of a buried ore body. Further works will need to combine such self-potential anomalies with induced polarization anomalies through joint inversion.