Comparison of the efficacy of autologous platelet gel and medical chitosan in the prevention of recurrence of intrauterine adhesions after transcervical resection of adhesion: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Purpose Intrauterine adhesion (IUAs) in women is a debatable topic and there is no clear consensus in its management and treatment strategies. Previous treatment measures have limitations which necessitates to consider effective measures for prevention of recurrence of IUAs. Hence, the aim of this study to explore the efficacy and safety of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet gel (APG) and medical chitosan in preventing recurrence of IUAs in females after transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA). Methods A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 80 patients presented with moderate to severe IUAs. Patients were randomized into two groups, APG group ( n = 40) and medical chitosan group ( n = 40). All patients were injected with either APG or medical chitosan after TCRA. Results The postoperative recurrence rate of adhesions in APG group was significantly lower than those in medical chitosan group (21% vs 49%). The median AFS score during the second-look hysteroscopy was significantly lower in APG group than in medical chitosan group ( P = 0.008). The median AFS score reduction after TCRA surgery was significantly higher in APG group than in medical chitosan group (median, 95% CI 7.000, 6.0 to 8.3 vs. 6.000, 5.0 to 7.0, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis of platelet concentration (1000 as cut-off value) into high- and low-dose subgroups reported no significant correlation existed between APG and baseline characteristics, recurrence rate and postoperative AFS reduction score except for previous intrauterine operation ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Thus, after TCRA, intrauterine injections of APG provides better efficacy and safety compared with intrauterine injections of medical chitosan in preventing recurrence of intrauterine adhesions.