Coffee consumption and abdominal aortic calcification among adults with and without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:This study was performed to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among adults with and without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS:A total of 2548 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 were included. Coffee consumption was obtained from 24-h dietary recalls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the severity of AAC. In the fully adjusted model, compared with non-drinkers, high coffee consumption (≥390 g/d) was associated with higher AAC scores among participants with hypertension (β = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.21-1.22), diabetes (β = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.35-2.05), and CVD (β = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.71-3.36). We did not observe such an association among participants without hypertension, diabetes, and CVD. Furthermore, decaffeinated coffee was not associated with AAC. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, patients with hypertension, diabetes, and CVD should focus on coffee consumption, especially caffeinated coffee, to reduce the burden of AAC.