A Survey of Memory-Centric Energy Efficient Computer Architecture

Energy efficient architecture is essential to improve both the performance and power consumption of a computer system. However, modern computers suffer from the severe “memory wall” problem due to the significant performance gap between the processor technology and the memory technology. Thus, the computer architecture community is evolving from compute-centric to memory-centric designs to reduce the data movement overhead. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the main challenges and recent advances in memory-centric energy efficient computer architecture. We summarize two research directions: improving the memory technology and processing closer to memory. The former focuses on optimizing the conventional memory technology and exploiting emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technology. The latter talks about currently popular processing in memory (PIM) technology, including near-memory processing (NMP) and in-memory processing (IMP). Moreover, some other topics like hardware for machine learning (ML), ML for hardware, security, privacy, and reliability are gaining increasing attention and should be considered seriously in the design phase of a computer system. The community is facing various challenges and opportunities simultaneously, requiring researchers to have a more comprehensive understanding of this field which is also the goal of this paper.