Variability of Jet Streams in the Atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in Recent Decades (1980–2021)

Based on reanalysis data, quantitative estimates of the kinetic energy of the high-altitude jet streams of the Northern Hemisphere ( E K JS NH) and its changes in the annual cycle and interannual variability for 1980–2021 have been obtained under different conditions for the minimum wind velocity V m in the JS area. Adequate estimates are made for the share of the total kinetic energy of the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere associated with the JS ( P_E_K JS). The share of the volume of atmospheric layers in the JS area in the NH in the total analyzed atmospheric layer of 500–100 hPa ( P V JS) was also estimated. Significant changes were noted in the summer, including significant weakening trends of E K , P_E_K , and P V in July and August at V m ≥ 20 and V m ≥ 30 m/s. In winter, significant changes were noted only for P V —a decreasing trend at V m ≥ 20 and V m ≥ 30 m/s. Seasonal features of the JS connection with El Niño phenomena are noted that are most significantly manifested from January to April.