ETV4 facilitates proliferation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer by mediating TGF-β signal transduction through activation of B3GNT3

Background Metastasis of liver cancer (LC) is the main cause of its high mortality. ETV4 is a critical regulatory factor in promoting LC progression, but the mechanism that ETV4 impacts LC proliferation, migration, and invasion is poorly understood. Objective Investigation of the molecular mechanism of LC metastasis is conducive to developing effective drugs that prevent LC metastasis. Methods Expression of ETV4 and its target gene B3GNT3 in LC tissue was analyzed by bioinformatics, and the result was further verified in LC cells by qRT-PCR. In vitro cellular assays evaluated the impact of ETV4 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to analyze the interaction between B3GNT3 and ETV4. SB525334 suppressor was used to treat and access the activation of ETV4 on the TGF-β pathway. Results We discovered that ETV4 and B3GNT3 were evidently up-regulated in LC, and high expression of ETV4 was coupled to the increase of proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ability. Besides, ETV4 could bind to the B3GNT3 promoter and activate its transcription. Knockdown of B3GNT3 could prominently suppress the effect of up-regulated ETV4 on LC cells. Meanwhile, ETV4 could activate the TGF-β signaling pathway via B3GNT3, while SB525334 treatment notably repressed the functions of ETV4. Conclusion ETV4 emerges as a driven oncogene in LC, and the ETV4/B3GNT3-TGF-β pathway promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition progress of LC. Inhibition of the pathway may provide an underlying method for the prevention and treatment of LC metastasis.