Extended Sentinel Monitoring of Helicoverpa Zea Resistance to Cry and Vip3Aa Toxins in Bt Sweet Corn: Assessing Changes in Phenotypic and Allele Frequencies of Resistance. Galen P. Dively , Tom P. Kuhar , Sally V. Taylor , Helene Doughty , Kristian Holmstrom , Daniel O. Gilrein , Brian A. Nault , Joseph Ingerson-Mahar , Anders Huseth , Dominic Reisig , Shelby Fleischer , David Owens , Kelley Tilmon , Francis Reay-Jones , Pat Porter , Jocelyn Smith , Julien Saguez , Jason Wells , Caitlin Congdon , Holly Byker , Bryan Jensen , Chris DiFonzo , William D. Hutchison , Eric Burkness , Robert Wright , Michael Crossley , Heather Darby , Tom Bilbo , Nicholas Seiter , Christian Krupke , Craig Abel , Brad S. Coates , Bradley McManus , Billy Fuller , Jeffrey Bradshaw , Julie A. Peterson , David Buntin , Silvana Paula-Moraes , Katelyn Kesheimer , Whitney Crow , Jeffrey Gore , Fangneng Huang , Dalton C. Ludwick , Amy Raudenbush , Sebastian Jimenez , Yves Carriere , Timothy Elkner , Kelly Hamby Insects（2023）
Key words
corn earworm, bollworm, resistance monitoring, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, phenotypic and allele resistance frequency
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