Preemptive transcranial direct current stimulation induces analgesia, prevents chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and promotes tissue repair in a rat model of postoperative pain

1. Preemptive bimodal tDCS was applied for 8 consecutive days. 2. Afterwards, the rats were submitted to an incisional pain model, and nociception was evaluated at several time points after surgery. 3. Preemptive tDCS promoted reduced hypernociception, reduced edema, and decreased activity of Myeloperoxidase and NAGase at the wound site. 4. On central structures, the use of preemptive tDCS modulated biomarker levels such as BDNF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10.