Embedding Democratic Values into Social Media AIs via Societal Objective Functions
CoRR(2023)
摘要
Can we design artificial intelligence (AI) systems that rank our social media
feeds to consider democratic values such as mitigating partisan animosity as
part of their objective functions? We introduce a method for translating
established, vetted social scientific constructs into AI objective functions,
which we term societal objective functions, and demonstrate the method with
application to the political science construct of anti-democratic attitudes.
Traditionally, we have lacked observable outcomes to use to train such models,
however, the social sciences have developed survey instruments and qualitative
codebooks for these constructs, and their precision facilitates translation
into detailed prompts for large language models. We apply this method to create
a democratic attitude model that estimates the extent to which a social media
post promotes anti-democratic attitudes, and test this democratic attitude
model across three studies. In Study 1, we first test the attitudinal and
behavioral effectiveness of the intervention among US partisans (N=1,380) by
manually annotating (alpha=.895) social media posts with anti-democratic
attitude scores and testing several feed ranking conditions based on these
scores. Removal (d=.20) and downranking feeds (d=.25) reduced participants'
partisan animosity without compromising their experience and engagement. In
Study 2, we scale up the manual labels by creating the democratic attitude
model, finding strong agreement with manual labels (rho=.75). Finally, in Study
3, we replicate Study 1 using the democratic attitude model instead of manual
labels to test its attitudinal and behavioral impact (N=558), and again find
that the feed downranking using the societal objective function reduced
partisan animosity (d=.25). This method presents a novel strategy to draw on
social science theory and methods to mitigate societal harms in social media
AIs.
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关键词
social media ais,democratic values,societal objective
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