Relevance of tumor microbiome in cancer incidence, prognosis, and its clinical implications in therapeutics.

The microbiota is garnering progressively greater consideration as an essential facet of the tumor microenvironment that regulates tumor proliferation and affects cancer prognosis. Microbial populations that inhabit different body locations are involved in the carcinogenesis and tumor progression of their corresponding malignancies. It has been learned that the microbial populations primarily thriving within tumors are tumor-type specific. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the tumor-associated microbiota contributes to playing a pivotal role in the establishment of the tumor microenvironment, regulation of local immunity, modulation of tumor cell biology, and directly influences the therapeutic efficacy of drug treatment for tumors. This review article incorporates the pertinent studies on recent advancements in tumor microbiome studies, the interplay between the intratumor microbiota and cancer, and, discusses their role and mechanism of action in the emergence and treatment of cancer, and their relationship to clinical characteristics.