V2G-Auth: Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for V2G Environment Leveraging Physically Unclonable Functions

Electric vehicle (EV) is a fast-growing technology that could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy and transportation sectors. The characteristics of EVs allow for rapid smart city expansion and serve as a key weapon in the emergence of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. The entities, such as EVs and charging stations, connect with one another in order to gather data about the status of the EV and the environment in which it is traveling. The exchange of information among entities in V2G over a public channel may be exposed to security threats. The user's devices are also vulnerable to physical attacks since they are left unprotected at their end. Hence, we suggest a lightweight protocol for key agreement and mutual authentication between entities operating in a V2G environment. Additionally, we assess the proposed scheme using the Scyther tool to conduct formal and informal security analyses in order to demonstrate how effectively it can counteract known security attacks. Finally, the performance study reveals that the suggested protocol provides a communication and computational benefit when compared to relevant protocols.