Design and analysis of a hexagonal circular photonic crystal fibre with ultra-high negative dispersion and low confinement loss

This paper proposes a Hexagonal Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber (HC-PCF) with uniform tiny air holes around the core, obtaining ultra-high negative dispersion, high Birefringence and low confinement loss. The modal properties of the HC-PCF are investigated using the full-vectorial-Finite Element Method (FEM) with a perfectly matched layer as the boundary condition. The numerical investigations show ultra-high negative dispersion of −25503 ps/nm.km, a birefringence of 1.36×10-2, a nonlinearity of 38.34w-1km-1 and a confinement loss of 4.95×10-3 dB km-1 at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Moreover, the proposed HC-PCF exhibits a high negative dispersion and multiple Zero Dispersion within the 800 to 2000 nm wavelengths range. Specifically, the high negative dispersion, low optical Confinement Loss, and multiple Zero Dispersion Wavelengths (ZDW) give the proposed HC-PCF high Power Spectral Density (PSD). These characteristics make the proposed fibre suitable for long-range telecommunication networks and optical sensing.