Dilative and compressive Coriolis effect on granular impact behavior based on centrifuge modeling and DEM simulation

The centrifuge modeling of the impact dynamics of high-speed granular flows is important for understanding debris–barrier interactions. However, it remains challenging owing to the Coriolis effect, which makes the physical modeling results complex and difficult to interpret. Based on centrifuge modeling and the discrete element method (DEM), we investigated the impact dynamics of dry granular flows under dilative and compressive Coriolis conditions, and the Coriolis effect on the granular impact was revealed. The results reveal that the influence of the Coriolis effect is extremely complex, and we found that it is difficult to determine the most unfavorable test conditions in centrifuge modeling. When the magnitude of the total impact force on the barrier was considered, the influence of the compressive Coriolis force was less significant. The dynamic impact of granular flow under the dilative Coriolis condition was enhanced but closer to the results not affected by the Coriolis effect. However, when focusing on the acting point of the resultant impact force on the barrier, the influence of dilative and compressive Coriolis conditions was not obvious. Therefore, when carrying out a physical modeling test using a centrifuge, the objective of the test should be clarified first, and the influence of the Coriolis effect should be properly evaluated according to the test content to select the appropriate Coriolis condition. If a detailed evaluation of the Coriolis effect is not available, the dilative Coriolis condition is recommended for testing.