Chemotherapy for advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a population-based propensity score matching study

Objectives Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are no specific treatment guidelines for PSC. For advanced PSC (stage II-IV), the role of chemotherapy is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chemotherapy on the prognosis of advanced PSC. Methods A total of 960 patients with advanced PSC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. To investigate the prognostic factors, the Cox proportional hazard regression model was conducted. A total of 642 cases were obtained after propensity score matching (PSM). The Kaplan‒Meier method was applied to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results For all 960 cases included in this study, the Cox proportional hazard model was applied for prognostic analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, surgery, and chemotherapy were prognostic factors for OS and CSS ( P < 0.05). A total of 642 cases were obtained after PSM, with no significant difference between the two groups for all variables. Kaplan‒Meier curves indicated that for OS and CSS, the prognosis was significantly better in the chemotherapy group than in the no-chemotherapy group. Conclusions For advanced PSC, chemotherapy can significantly improve the OS and CSS of patients. Chemotherapy should be an important part of PSC treatment.