Long-term potassium-competitive acid blockers administration causes microbiota changes in rats

Background Vonoprazan is a new potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that was recently approved by the FDA. It is associated with a fast onset of action and a longer acid inhibition time. Vonoprazan-containing therapy for helicobacter pylori eradication is highly effective and several studies have demonstrated that a vonoprazan-antibiotic regimen affects gut microbiota. However, the impact of vonoprazan alone on gut microbiota is still unclear.Please check and confirm the authors (Maria Cristina Riascos, Hala Al Asadi) given name and family name are correct. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Yes they are correct. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized 12-week experimental trial with 18 Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: (1) drinking water as negative control group, (2) oral vonoprazan (4 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, and (3) oral vonoprazan (4 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, followed by 8 weeks off vonoprazan. To investigate gut microbiota, we carried out a metagenomic shotgun sequencing of fecal samples at week 0 and week 12.Please confirm the inserted city and country name is correct for affiliation 2.Yes it's correct. Results For alpha diversity metrics at week 12, both long and short vonoprazan groups had lower Pielou’s evenness index than the control group ( p = 0.019); however, observed operational taxonomic units ( p = 0.332) and Shannon’s diversity index ( p = 0.070) were not statistically different between groups. Beta diversity was significantly different in the three groups, using Bray–Curtis ( p = 0.003) and Jaccard distances ( p = 0.002). At week 12, differences in relative abundance were observed at all levels. At phylum level, short vonoprazan group had less of Actinobacteria (log fold change = − 1.88, adjusted p -value = 0.048) and Verrucomicrobia (lfc = − 1.76, p = 0.009).Please check and confirm that the author (Ileana Miranda) and their respective affiliation 3 details have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.Yes it's correct. At the genus level, long vonoprazan group had more Bacteroidales (lfc = 5.01, p = 0.021) and Prevotella (lfc = 7.79, p = 0.001). At family level, long vonoprazan group had more Lactobacillaceae (lfc = 0.97, p = 0.001), Prevotellaceae (lfc = 8.01, p < 0.001), and less Erysipelotrichaceae (lfc = − 2.9, p = 0.029). Conclusion This study provides evidence that vonoprazan impacts the gut microbiota and permits a precise delineation of the composition and relative abundance of the bacteria at all different taxonomic levels.